WCAG EN 301 549 criteria

4.5:1Normal text - Minimum contrast ratioEN 301 549 / WCAG AA
3:1Large text - Minimum contrast ratio18pt+ or 14pt+ bold

Text contrast

Bad example

Light gray text on white (2.2:1) - Fail

Ratio: 2.2:1

Medium gray text on white (3.8:1) - Fail

Ratio: 3.8:1

Yellow text on white (1.9:1) - Fail

Ratio: 1.9:1

Orange on red (1.2:1) - Fail

Ratio: 1.2:1

Dark gray on black background (2.5:1) - Fail

Ratio: 2.5:1

Blue on dark background (1.8:1) - Fail

Ratio: 1.8:1

Good example

Dark gray text on white (7.0:1) - AAA Pass

Ratio: 7.0:1

Black text on white (21:1) - AAA Pass

Ratio: 21:1

Dark blue text on white (5.9:1) - AA Pass

Ratio: 5.9:1

White on dark blue (8.6:1) - AAA Pass

Ratio: 8.6:1

White on black background (21:1) - AAA Pass

Ratio: 21:1

Yellow on dark background (12.3:1) - AAA Pass

Ratio: 12.3:1

Explanation: WCAG AA contrast ratio requires a minimum of 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text (18pt+ or 14pt+ bold). AAA level is stricter with 7:1 and 4.5:1.

Information by color

Bad example

Registration form

🔴 Red = Error, Green = Valid

Order status

#1234
#1235
#1236

Good example

Registration form

❌ Name must contain at least 3 characters
✅ Valid email
❌ Password must contain at least 8 characters

Order status

#1234 Pending
#1235 Processing
#1236 Delivered

Explanation: Information should never rely solely on color. Always add additional visual indicators (icons, patterns, text).

Color blindness and accessibility

Bad example

Performance chart

Failures Success
January
February
March

Good example

Performance chart

Failures Success
January
February
March

Explanation: About 8% of men and 0.5% of women are colorblind. Red-green combinations are particularly problematic.

Accessible theme switcher

Bad example

☀️
🌙
Page content

This text changes color according to the theme.

Information card

Important information to read.

Good example

Choose theme
Page content

This text maintains good contrast in all themes.

Information card

Important information always readable.

Explanation: A theme switcher must maintain contrast ratios, preserve readability, and respect the user's system preferences.

Links - Underlining and identification

Bad example

Good example

Explanation: Links must be identifiable without relying solely on color. Underlining, pattern differences or other visual indicators are essential.